Find HS Code and trade information for 3d打印机/3d printer

3D Printer

A 3D printer is a machine that builds three-dimensional objects from a digital design. This is achieved through an additive process, where successive layers of material are laid down until the entire object is created.

Materials

A wide variety of materials can be used in 3D printing, categorized broadly as follows:

• Plastics: The most common materials, including:
  • PLA (Polylactic Acid): Biodegradable thermoplastic derived from renewable resources like cornstarch. Easy to print, suitable for beginners, and used for prototyping and non-functional models.
  • ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene): A stronger, more durable plastic than PLA, commonly used for functional parts and higher-temperature applications. Requires a heated bed and enclosed build chamber to prevent warping.
  • PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol-modified): Combines the ease of printing of PLA with the strength of ABS. Offers good chemical resistance and food safety.
  • Nylon: Strong, flexible, and durable, suitable for functional parts requiring high wear resistance. Requires higher printing temperatures and a dry filament storage.
  • TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane): Flexible and elastic, used for creating rubber-like parts.
• Resins: Liquid photopolymers cured using light (SLA, DLP, LCD). Produce highly detailed prints with smooth surfaces. Often used for jewelry, dental models, and miniatures.
• Metals: Including stainless steel, aluminum, titanium, and precious metals. Requires specialized printers and post-processing. Used for functional parts in aerospace, medical, and automotive industries.
• Ceramics: Used for creating heat-resistant and chemically inert parts.
• Composites: Materials combining two or more different materials (e.g., carbon fiber reinforced plastics).

Purpose & Function

The primary function of a 3D printer is to transform a digital 3D model into a physical object. This is achieved through:

1. Model Creation: A 3D model is designed using Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software or obtained from online repositories.
2. Slicing: The 3D model is "sliced" into thin, horizontal layers using slicing software. This software generates instructions (G-code) for the printer.
3. Printing: The printer reads the G-code and deposits material layer by layer, building the object from the bottom up.
4. Post-Processing: Depending on the material and printing process, post-processing may be required, including support removal, cleaning, sanding, painting, or curing.

Usage Scenarios

• Prototyping: Rapidly creating physical prototypes to test designs and functionality.
• Manufacturing: Creating custom parts, tooling, and end-use products in small batches.
• Medical: Creating prosthetics, implants, surgical guides, and anatomical models.
• Education: Teaching design, engineering, and manufacturing principles.
• Hobbyist & DIY: Creating custom objects, toys, art, and repairs.
• Aerospace & Automotive: Producing lightweight and complex parts.
• Architecture: Creating architectural models and visualizations.

Common Types

• FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling): The most common type, using a heated nozzle to extrude thermoplastic filament. Affordable and versatile.
• SLA (Stereolithography): Uses a laser to cure liquid resin layer by layer. Produces highly detailed prints with smooth surfaces.
• DLP (Digital Light Processing): Similar to SLA, but uses a projector to cure the resin. Faster printing speeds than SLA.
• SLS (Selective Laser Sintering): Uses a laser to fuse powdered material (plastics, metals) layer by layer. Produces strong, durable parts without supports.
• MJF (Multi Jet Fusion): Uses inkjet heads to deposit fusing and detailing agents onto a bed of powdered material, then fuses it with infrared energy. Produces strong, detailed parts with isotropic properties.
• Binder Jetting: Uses a binder to join powdered material layer by layer. Produces parts with complex geometries and a wide range of materials.
• Metal 3D Printing (DMLS/SLM/EBM): Uses lasers or electron beams to fuse metal powders layer by layer. Produces strong, durable metal parts.

根据您提供的“3d打印机/3d printer”信息，以下是根据提供的参考资料找到的相关HS编码：

• 8485100100: 金属沉积增材制造机器 (Machines for additive manufacturing: By metal deposit)。该HS编码适用于通过金属沉积方式进行增材制造的机器。

  • 84: 机器、机械器具及其零件；电气设备及其零件 (Machines and mechanical appliances; parts thereof)
  • 85: 增材制造机器 (Machines for additive manufacturing)
  • 10: 通过金属沉积 (By metal deposit)
  • 01: 基础关税为2.5%，加征关税为0.0%，2025年4月2日后加征关税为30.0%，总税率为32.5%。

• 8485200000: 塑料或橡胶沉积增材制造机器 (Machines for additive manufacturing: By plastics or rubber deposit)。该HS编码适用于通过塑料或橡胶沉积方式进行增材制造的机器。

  • 84: 机器、机械器具及其零件；电气设备及其零件 (Machines and mechanical appliances; parts thereof)
  • 85: 增材制造机器 (Machines for additive manufacturing)
  • 20: 通过塑料或橡胶沉积 (By plastics or rubber deposit)
  • 00: 基础关税为3.1%，加征关税为25.0%，2025年4月2日后加征关税为30.0%，总税率为58.1%。

请注意，根据您3D打印机的具体材料沉积方式（金属、塑料或橡胶），选择对应的HS编码。