Find HS Code and trade information for brushless motor

Brushless Motor

A brushless motor is an electric motor powered by a direct current (DC) electric source, which uses electronic commutation rather than mechanical commutation. Mechanical commutation relies on physical contact between brushes and the commutator, whereas electronic commutation uses an electronic controller to switch the current flow through the motor windings.

Materials

Brushless motors typically comprise the following key materials:

• Stator: Laminated silicon steel for the core, copper windings for the coils.
• Rotor: Neodymium magnets are commonly used for high performance. Samarium cobalt magnets are used in higher temperature applications.
• Bearings: Steel or ceramic bearings support the rotor’s rotation.
• Controller: Semiconductors (MOSFETs, IGBTs) and integrated circuits form the electronic controller.
• Housing: Aluminum or steel provides structural support and heat dissipation.
• Wires: Copper wires connect the windings to the controller.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a brushless motor is to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They are designed to provide efficient, reliable, and long-lasting power. They often replace brushed DC motors in applications requiring higher efficiency, longer lifespan, and reduced maintenance.

Function

Brushless motors function based on the interaction between magnetic fields generated by the stator windings and the rotor magnets. The electronic controller energizes the stator windings in a specific sequence, creating a rotating magnetic field. This rotating field pulls the rotor magnets, causing it to spin. The controller continuously adjusts the energization sequence to maintain rotation and control the motor's speed and torque.

Usage Scenarios

Brushless motors are used in a wide variety of applications, including:

• Drones and RC Models: Provide high power-to-weight ratio for flight and maneuverability.
• Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid EVs (HEVs): Drive the wheels, offering high efficiency and torque.
• Power Tools: Cordless drills, saws, and grinders benefit from their compact size and power.
• Robotics: Enable precise and controlled movements in robotic arms and actuators.
• Computer Cooling Fans: Offer quiet operation and long lifespan.
• Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) and Optical Drives: Position the read/write heads.
• Washing Machines and Appliances: Control the drum rotation.
• Medical Equipment: Used in pumps, ventilators, and other devices.

Common Types

Brushless motors are categorized based on stator winding configuration and rotor magnet arrangement:

• Inrunner Brushless Motors: The stator windings surround the rotor magnets. Commonly used in smaller applications requiring high speed.
• Outrunner Brushless Motors: The stator windings are positioned around the outer circumference of the rotor. Often used in applications requiring high torque.
• Sensorless Brushless Motors: Do not use position sensors (Hall effect sensors) to detect rotor position. The controller estimates rotor position based on back-EMF.
• Sensored Brushless Motors: Utilize Hall effect sensors to provide precise rotor position feedback to the controller.
• Coreless Brushless Motors: Have a rotor without an iron core, resulting in lower inertia and faster acceleration.
• Flat Brushless Motors: Designed with a flat profile for applications with limited space.

Brushless motors are electric motors that do not utilize brushes for commutation. They are commonly found in applications requiring high efficiency, long life, and precise control, such as robotics, drones, and power tools.

The following HS codes are relevant to brushless motors, based on the provided information:

• 8501104040: This HS code falls under Chapter 85 – Electrical machinery and equipment. Specifically, it covers Heading 8501 – Electric motors and generators (excluding generating sets). The Subheading 8501.10 further specifies motors of an output not exceeding 37.5 W, and 8501.10.40 denotes those of under 18.65 W, categorized as "Other Brushless". The applicable tax rate is a base tariff of 4.4%, a surcharge of 25.0%, and a surcharge of 30.0% after April 2, 2025, resulting in a total tariff of 59.4%.

It is important to note that this HS code applies specifically to brushless motors with an output not exceeding 37.5 W, and particularly those under 18.65 W. If the motor's output exceeds this limit, a different HS code may be required.