Find HS Code and trade information for car radar

Car Radar

Car radar is a system that uses radio waves to detect the presence, distance, speed, and sometimes direction of objects surrounding a vehicle. It is a crucial component of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving technologies.

Material

• Antenna: Typically constructed from materials with high dielectric constant and low loss tangent, often incorporating printed circuit boards (PCBs) with copper traces. Modern radars increasingly use phased array antennas fabricated using gallium arsenide (GaAs) or silicon germanium (SiGe) semiconductors.
• Transmitter & Receiver Modules: Utilize semiconductors like silicon (Si) and silicon germanium (SiGe) for signal generation and processing.
• Housing: Usually made of durable plastic or metal alloys to protect the internal components from environmental factors.
• Waveguide: Often uses materials like aluminum or copper for efficient transmission of radio waves.

Purpose

The primary purpose of car radar is to enhance vehicle safety and provide situational awareness to the driver or autonomous system. This is achieved by:

• Collision Avoidance: Detecting potential collisions and initiating warnings or automated braking.
• Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC): Maintaining a safe distance from vehicles ahead by automatically adjusting speed.
• Blind Spot Monitoring (BSM): Alerting the driver to vehicles in adjacent lanes.
• Lane Change Assist: Providing assistance during lane changes.
• Parking Assist: Detecting obstacles during parking maneuvers.
• Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB): Automatically applying the brakes to mitigate or avoid collisions.

Function

Car radar operates on the principle of time-of-flight and the Doppler effect.

• Transmission: The radar system emits radio waves (typically in the 77 GHz or 79 GHz band) through an antenna.
• Reflection: These waves bounce off objects in the vehicle's path.
• Reception: The antenna receives the reflected waves.
• Processing: The radar control unit analyzes the received signals to determine:
  • Distance: Calculated based on the time it takes for the waves to travel to the object and back.
  • Speed: Determined by the Doppler shift in frequency of the reflected waves.
  • Angle: Determined by the direction of the received signal (especially in phased array radars).
• Output: The processed information is then used to provide alerts to the driver or control the vehicle's systems.

Usage Scenarios

• Highway Driving: Maintaining safe following distances with ACC and detecting vehicles merging into adjacent lanes.
• City Driving: Detecting pedestrians, cyclists, and other vehicles in complex traffic scenarios.
• Parking: Assisting with parking maneuvers and preventing collisions with obstacles.
• Low Visibility Conditions: Operating effectively in rain, fog, snow, and darkness.
• Automated Driving: Providing the primary sensing capability for autonomous vehicles.

Common Types

• Short-Range Radar (SRR): (Typically 24 GHz) – Used for blind spot detection, lane change assist, and parking assist. Range typically up to 30 meters.
• Medium-Range Radar (MRR): (Typically 77 GHz) – Used for adaptive cruise control, automatic emergency braking, and forward collision warning. Range typically up to 150 meters.
• Long-Range Radar (LRR): (Typically 77 GHz) – Used for long-distance object detection and high-speed collision avoidance. Range typically up to 250 meters or more.
• Imaging Radar: Creates a detailed image of the surrounding environment, providing more comprehensive situational awareness. Utilizes multiple antennas and advanced signal processing techniques.
• Phased Array Radar: Uses multiple antenna elements to steer the radar beam electronically, allowing for faster scanning and more accurate object tracking.

Car radar falls under the category of radar apparatus designed for boat or ship installation, or potentially other radar apparatus depending on the specific application. Here's a breakdown of relevant HS codes based on the provided information:

• 8526100020: This HS code covers Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus: Radar apparatus Designed for boat or ship installation. This could apply if the car radar is specifically marketed or designed for marine applications, even if it's also used in cars. The tax rate details are: Basic tariff: 0.0%, Additional tariff: 25.0%, Additional tariff after 2025.4.2: 30.0%, Total tariff: 55.0%.
• 8526100040: This HS code covers Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus: Radar apparatus Other. If the car radar doesn't fall under the "designed for boat or ship installation" category, it would be classified as "Other". The tax rate details are: Basic tariff: 0.0%, Additional tariff: 25.0%, Additional tariff after 2025.4.2: 30.0%, Total tariff: 55.0%.

Chapter 85 relates to Electrical machinery and equipment. Heading 26 specifically covers Radar apparatus, radio navigational aid apparatus and radio remote control apparatus. Subheading 10 further breaks down the category into specific types of radar apparatus.

It is important to determine whether the radar is specifically designed for boat or ship installation to correctly classify it under either 8526100020 or 8526100040. If it is not designed for marine use, 8526100040 would be the appropriate HS code.