| HS Code | Official Doc | Tariff Rate | Origin | Destination | Effective Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8504406007 | Doc | 55.0% | CN | US | 2025-05-12 |
| 8504406018 | Doc | 55.0% | CN | US | 2025-05-12 |
| 8535400000 | Doc | 57.7% | CN | US | 2025-05-12 |
| 8535904000 | Doc | 57.7% | CN | US | 2025-05-12 |
| 3901909000 | Doc | 61.5% | CN | US | 2025-05-12 |
| 3901905501 | Doc | 61.5% | CN | US | 2025-05-12 |
Power Regulator
A power regulator is an electronic circuit that maintains a stable voltage despite variations in input voltage, load current, or temperature. Its primary function is to provide a consistent output voltage, protecting sensitive electronic components from damage caused by power fluctuations.
Material Composition
Power regulators are constructed using a variety of semiconductor components, including:
- Transistors: Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and Field-Effect Transistors (FETs) are commonly used as control elements.
- Diodes: Used for rectification, voltage clamping, and reference voltage generation. Zener diodes are frequently employed as voltage references.
- Integrated Circuits (ICs): Many power regulators are implemented as monolithic ICs, containing all necessary components within a single chip.
- Passive Components: Resistors, capacitors, and inductors are essential for filtering, voltage division, and energy storage.
- Control Circuitry: Operational amplifiers (op-amps) and comparators are used for feedback and error amplification.
Purpose and Function
The core purpose of a power regulator is to ensure a consistent power supply for electronic circuits. This is achieved through several key functions:
- Voltage Stabilization: Maintaining a constant output voltage regardless of input voltage fluctuations.
- Current Limiting: Protecting the regulator and the load from excessive current draw.
- Over-Temperature Protection: Shutting down the regulator if it overheats.
- Reverse Polarity Protection: Preventing damage from incorrect polarity connections.
- Noise Reduction: Filtering out unwanted noise and ripple from the power supply.
Usage Scenarios
Power regulators are ubiquitous in electronic devices and systems, including:
- Computers: Providing stable voltages for the CPU, memory, and other components.
- Mobile Devices: Regulating battery voltage to power the device's circuitry.
- Automotive Electronics: Providing stable power for engine control units, sensors, and infotainment systems.
- Industrial Equipment: Ensuring reliable power for control systems, actuators, and sensors.
- Power Supplies: As a critical component within AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies.
- Embedded Systems: Providing regulated power for microcontrollers, sensors, and communication modules.
Common Types
Power regulators are broadly classified into several types:
- Linear Regulators:
- Series Regulators: Utilize a series pass transistor to dissipate excess voltage as heat. Simple, low-cost, and offer good regulation but are inefficient.
- Shunt Regulators: Dissipate excess current to ground. Less common due to lower efficiency.
- Switching Regulators:
- Buck Converters: Step-down converters, reducing input voltage to a lower output voltage. High efficiency.
- Boost Converters: Step-up converters, increasing input voltage to a higher output voltage. High efficiency.
- Buck-Boost Converters: Can step-up or step-down the input voltage. More complex but versatile.
- Flyback Converters: Used for isolation and multiple outputs.
- Low-Dropout (LDO) Regulators: A type of linear regulator designed for low input-output voltage differentials. Common in battery-powered devices.
- DC-DC Converters: A general term for switching regulators that convert one DC voltage level to another.
Power regulators fall under the category of electrical apparatus used for controlling or converting electrical power. Based on the provided information, the following HS codes are relevant:
-
8504406007: This HS code covers electrical transformers, static converters (like rectifiers) and inductors, specifically static converters designed as power supplies for automatic data processing machines or units thereof of heading 8471. It applies to power supplies suitable for physical incorporation into these machines with a power output exceeding 50 W but not exceeding 150 W. The total tax rate is 55.0%, comprised of a 0.0% base tariff, a 25.0% additional tariff, and a 30% additional tariff effective April 2, 2025.
-
8504406018: This HS code also covers electrical transformers, static converters, and inductors, specifically static converters designed as power supplies for automatic data processing machines or units thereof of heading 8471. However, this code applies to power supplies suitable for physical incorporation into these machines that are other than those specified in 8504406007. The total tax rate is 55.0%, comprised of a 0.0% base tariff, a 25.0% additional tariff, and a 30% additional tariff effective April 2, 2025.
It is important to determine whether the power regulator is specifically designed for incorporation into automatic data processing machines (heading 8471) and its power output to select the correct HS code (8504406007 or 8504406018).