Find HS Code and trade information for propeller

Propeller

A propeller is a rotating fan blade used to convert rotational motion into thrust. It is a type of dynamic reaction engine commonly found in vehicles that operate in air or water.

Material

Propellers are constructed from a variety of materials, chosen for strength, weight, and resistance to corrosion and erosion. Common materials include:

• Wood: Historically used, particularly for smaller aircraft. Lighter and easier to shape but requires significant maintenance.
• Aluminum Alloys: A common choice for many aircraft propellers due to their good strength-to-weight ratio and relatively low cost.
• Composite Materials: Increasingly popular, using materials like carbon fiber reinforced polymers. Offer high strength, low weight, and improved fatigue resistance.
• Steel: Used in larger marine propellers or in areas requiring high durability.
• Brass: Often used for smaller marine propellers.

Purpose

The primary purpose of a propeller is to generate thrust, which propels a vehicle forward. This is achieved by accelerating a mass of air or water backward, in accordance with Newton’s Third Law of Motion (for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction).

Function

The propeller functions as a rotating airfoil. As the blades rotate, they create a pressure difference between their front and back surfaces. This pressure difference generates both thrust and torque.

• Blade Angle (Pitch): The angle of the blades is crucial. A higher pitch generates more thrust at lower speeds, while a lower pitch is better for higher speeds.
• Rotation Speed (RPM): The speed at which the propeller rotates also affects thrust and efficiency.
• Number of Blades: More blades generally produce more thrust but also increase drag.

Usage Scenarios

Propellers are utilized in a wide range of applications:

• Aircraft: Most small to medium-sized airplanes use propellers driven by piston engines or turboprops.
• Marine Vessels: Ships, boats, and submarines employ propellers for propulsion.
• Fans & Ducted Fans: Smaller propellers are used in cooling fans, ventilation systems, and hobby drones.
• Wind Turbines: Although operating in reverse, the principle is similar - converting wind energy into rotational motion.

Common Types

• Fixed-Pitch Propellers: The blade angle is fixed and cannot be changed in flight. Simpler and less expensive.
• Constant-Speed Propellers: Maintain a constant rotational speed regardless of engine power or airspeed, optimizing engine performance. Blade angle is automatically adjusted.
• Variable-Pitch Propellers (Controllable-Pitch Propellers): The pilot can manually adjust the blade angle to optimize performance for different phases of flight (takeoff, climb, cruise, descent).
• Reversible Propellers: Can rotate in both directions, used for braking and maneuvering ships.
• Contra-Rotating Propellers: Two propellers rotating in opposite directions on the same axis, increasing efficiency and reducing torque.
• Ducted Propellers (Fan): Propellers enclosed within a shroud (duct), improving efficiency and reducing noise.

Based on the provided information, the declared goods "propeller" can be classified under the following HS codes:

• 8411214000: Turbojets, turbopropellers and other gas turbines, and parts thereof: Turbopropellers: Of a power not exceeding 1,100 kW: Aircraft turbines. This HS code covers turbopropellers specifically designed for aircraft, with a power output not exceeding 1,100 kW.
  • 84: Chapter 84 – Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof.
  • 11: Heading 11 – Steam or other vapour generating boilers.
  • 21: Subheading 21 – Other.
  • 40: Other.
• 8411218000: Turbojets, turbopropellers and other gas turbines, and parts thereof: Turbopropellers: Of a power not exceeding 1,100 kW: Other. This HS code also covers turbopropellers, but for those not specifically classified under 8411214000 (e.g., different applications or power outputs).
  • 84: Chapter 84 – Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof.
  • 11: Heading 11 – Steam or other vapour generating boilers.
  • 21: Subheading 21 – Other.
  • 80: Other.

Tax Information:

Both HS codes 8411214000 and 8411218000 share the same tax details:

• Basic tariff: 0.0%
• Additional tariff: 25.0%
• Additional tariff after 2025.4.2: 30.0%
• Total tariff: 55.0%

According to the provided reference material, the HS code options related to 'propeller' are limited, with only the following 2 found.