Find HS Code and trade information for wood

Wood

Wood is a porous, fibrous structural material obtained from trees and other woody plants. It has been used for thousands of years as a primary building material, fuel source, and in the creation of countless objects.

Material Composition

Wood is primarily composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin.

• Cellulose: Provides strength and structural integrity. It is a complex carbohydrate.
• Hemicellulose: A shorter chain carbohydrate that binds cellulose fibers together.
• Lignin: A complex polymer that provides rigidity and resistance to decay.

Wood also contains smaller amounts of extractives (resins, tannins, oils) and water. The proportion of these components varies depending on the species of tree and growth conditions.

Purpose & Function

• Construction: Framing, flooring, roofing, cladding, and general building structures. Its strength-to-weight ratio makes it a desirable material.
• Fuel: A traditional and renewable energy source, burned for heating and cooking.
• Furniture: A common material for constructing chairs, tables, beds, and other furnishings.
• Paper Production: Wood pulp is the primary source for making paper and cardboard.
• Tool Handles: Provides a comfortable grip and absorbs shock.
• Art & Sculpture: A medium for artistic expression.
• Packaging: Crates, pallets, and other shipping containers.

Usage Scenarios

• Residential Construction: Homes, cabins, decks.
• Commercial Buildings: Structural support, interior finishes.
• Landscaping: Fencing, retaining walls, mulch.
• Marine Applications: Boat building (historically, and with specific treated woods).
• Crafts & Hobbies: Woodworking, carving, turning.

Common Types

Wood is broadly classified into two main categories: hardwoods and softwoods. The terms refer to the tree’s seed-bearing method, not necessarily the actual hardness of the wood.

• Hardwoods: Generally come from deciduous trees (trees that lose their leaves annually).
  • Oak: Strong, durable, used for furniture, flooring, and barrels.
  • Maple: Hard, dense, used for furniture, flooring, and musical instruments.
  • Cherry: Rich color, used for furniture and cabinetry.
  • Walnut: Dark, strong, used for furniture and gunstocks.
  • Mahogany: Durable, reddish-brown, used for high-end furniture and boat building.
• Softwoods: Generally come from coniferous trees (evergreen trees with needles).
  • Pine: Lightweight, easy to work with, used for construction, furniture, and paper production.
  • Fir: Strong, lightweight, used for construction and paper production.
  • Spruce: Lightweight, strong, used for construction and musical instruments.
  • Cedar: Aromatic, rot-resistant, used for siding, fencing, and chests.
  • Redwood: Rot-resistant, reddish-brown, used for siding, decking, and outdoor furniture.

Processing & Treatment

Wood is often processed into lumber (sawn wood), plywood, particleboard, or other engineered wood products. It can be treated with preservatives to protect against decay, insects, and fire. Common treatments include:

• Pressure Treatment: Impregnating wood with chemicals to resist decay and insects.
• Kiln Drying: Reducing moisture content to improve stability and prevent warping.
• Staining & Sealing: Protecting wood from UV damage and water penetration.

The declared goods are “wood”. This encompasses various forms of wood, including logs, billets, twigs, and roughly squared wood, potentially used for fuel, construction, or manufacturing.

The following HS codes are relevant based on the provided reference material:

• 4401110000: Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms: Coniferous. This code specifically covers coniferous fuel wood. The first two digits (44) indicate Chapter 44, which relates to wood and articles of wood, charcoal. The next two digits (01) denote Heading 01, specifically fuel wood.
• 4401120000: Fuel wood, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or in similar forms: Nonconiferous. This code covers non-coniferous fuel wood. Similar to the previous code, it falls under Chapter 44, Heading 01.
• 4403110020: Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sap- wood, or roughly squared: Treated with paint, stain, creosote or other preservatives: Coniferous Poles, piles and posts: Telephone, telegraph and electrical power poles. This code applies to coniferous wood in the rough treated with preservatives, specifically for poles. Chapter 44, Heading 03 covers wood in the rough.
• 4403230142: Wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sap- wood, or roughly squared: Other, coniferous: Of fir (Abies spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), of which the smallest cross-sectional dimension is 15 cm or more Logs and timber: Other fir; balsam. This code covers coniferous wood in the rough, specifically fir and spruce logs and timber with a cross-sectional dimension of 15 cm or more.
• 4701000000: Mechanical woodpulp. This code applies to mechanical woodpulp, a processed wood product. Chapter 47 covers woodpulp.
• 1401100000: Vegetable materials of a kind used primarily for plaiting (for example, bamboos, rattans, reeds, rushes, osier, raffia, cleaned, bleached or dyed cereal straw, and lime bark): Bamboos. This code covers bamboos, a type of wood used for plaiting. Chapter 14 covers vegetable products.
• 1401904000: Vegetable materials of a kind used primarily for plaiting (for example, bamboos, rattans, reeds, rushes, osier, raffia, cleaned, bleached or dyed cereal straw, and lime bark): Other: Other. This code covers other vegetable materials used for plaiting.

Regarding these HS codes, please note that the applicable tariff is a base rate of 0.0% plus an additional 25.0%, increasing to 30.0% after April 2, 2025, resulting in a total tariff of 55.0% (except for 4601294000, 4601942000 which are 58.3% and 61.6% respectively).