Silicon (HS Code 2519902000)
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⚗️ Silicon / Silicon Metal (HS Code 2519.90.20.00)
🌐 HS Code Reference & Clearance Guide | 2026 Latest Tariff Breakdown | Professional Customs Strategy
📌 I. Product Definition & Classification: Do You Really Know "Silicon"?
In international trade, "Silicon" is a critical industrial material. However, confusion often arises between Silicon Metal (used in aluminum alloys and polysilicon) and Ferro-Silicon (used in steel).
Silicon (HS 2519.90.20.00) specifically refers to Chemically Pure Silicon (also known as Silicon Metal or Metallic Silicon). It is distinct from: * Ferro-Silicon (HS 7202): An alloy of iron and silicon, primarily used in steelmaking. * Silica Sand (HS 2505): Raw material, not the processed metal.
⚠️ Key Distinction Point:
- If the product is >85% Silicon by weight and is not an alloy with iron as the primary base →归入 2519.90.20.00
- If it contains significant Iron (typically >2-5%) and is used for steel de-oxidation →归入 7202.21/22 (Ferro-Silicon)
- CRITICAL: Misclassification can lead to massive tariff differences. Silicon Metal is a strategic material for solar, EV batteries, and aluminum production.
📦 II. HS Code Classification Details (2026 Latest Tariff Authority)
| HS Code | Product Description | Application Scenario | Silicon Purity | Alloy Base? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2519.90.20.00 |
Silicon, other than natural silicon | High-purity silicon metal (98%-99.9% Si) for semiconductors, solar cells, or aluminum alloys | >98% | ❌ No (Pure Metal) |
2804.61.00.00 |
Silicon (Gaseous/Chemical) | Note: Usually solid silicon is 2519; 2804 is for other elements | N/A | N/A |
7202.21.00.00 |
Ferro-silicon, containing by weight ≤ 55% of silicon | Standard ferro-silicon for steel de-oxidation | ≤55% | ✅ Yes (Iron) |
7202.29.00.00 |
Other ferro-silicon | High-silicon ferro-alloys | >55% | ✅ Yes (Iron) |
🔍 Key Reminder:
- 2519.90.20.00 is for Silicon Metal (often called "Silicon" in trade documents).
- It is NOT Ferro-Silicon. If you are shipping Ferro-Silicon, do NOT use 2519.90.20.00; use 7202.
- Pure silicon (for electronics) might sometimes fall under 2804.61 if considered a "other element," but for commercial bulk silicon metal, 2519.90.20.00 is the standard US/China customs classification for Silicon Metal.
💰 III. 2026 Latest Tariff Rate Breakdown (US Import from China)
✅ Applicable Country: United States (US)
✅ Origin: China (CN)
✅ Effective Date: November 10, 2025 onwards (including subsequent imports)
🎯 1. 2519.90.20.00 —— Silicon Metal (Chemically Pure Silicon)
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff Rate | 0% (General MFN rate for this HTSUS code) |
| USITC Additional Duty (Section 301) | +25% (Footnote 9903.88.01 applies to many metallurgical products) |
| IEEPA Additional Duty | +10% (Section 178 of the Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act, specifically targeting Chinese origin goods) |
| Total Effective Tariff Rate | 35% |
| Tax Calculation | CIF Value × 35% |
| De Minimis Eligibility | ❌ NOT Eligible (deny_de_minimis applies to Section 301/IEEPA goods) |
| Legal Basis Path | IEEPA:9903.01.25 → IEEPA:9903.01.24 → USITC:2519.90.20.00 → FOOTNOTE:9903.88.01 |
📌 Explanation:
- Base Rate (0%): Silicon metal is not generally taxed under normal MFN rates.
- Section 301 (25%): Added to many Chinese industrial metals and chemical products.
- IEEPA (10%): A separate 10% duty on specific Chinese-origin industrial inputs.
- Total 35%: This is a high-cost burden. Importers must factor this into landed cost calculations.
🎯 2. Comparison: What if it was Ferro-Silicon (HS 7202)?
| Item | Detail |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 0% - 6% (depending on Si content) |
| Section 301 | +25% |
| IEEPA | +10% |
| Total | ~35-41% |
📌 Note: While Ferro-Silicon (7202) has similar high tariffs, misclassifying Silicon Metal as Ferro-Silicon is a major customs violation if the chemistry doesn't match. Ensure your COA (Certificate of Analysis) confirms Silicon > 98% and Iron < 2% (or specific alloy limits).
🛠️ IV. Customs Clearance Practical Advice (Actionable Pitfall Guide)
✅ 1. Required Documentation Checklist
| Document | Mandatory? | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| ✅ Certificate of Analysis (COA) | ✔️ CRITICAL | Must show Si content (%), Fe content (%), Al content (%). Proves it is Silicon Metal, not Ferro-Silicon. |
| ✅ Commercial Invoice | ✔️ | Clearly state "Silicon Metal (99.0% Pure)" not just "Silicon" or "Silicon Alloy". |
| ✅ Packing List | ✔️ | Show net/gross weight. Silicon is often packed in steel drums or big bags. |
| ✅ Origin Certificate | ✔️ | To prove Chinese origin (triggers 301/IEEPA) or exemption if sourced elsewhere (e.g., Brazil, Norway, where tariffs may be lower). |
| ✅ Safety Data Sheet (SDS) | ✔️ | Silicon metal is flammable (Class 4.3 Dangerous Goods if wet/dust). Requires proper DG labeling if applicable. |
✅ 2. Declaration Best Practices (Golden Rules)
🔥 "Purity Dictates Code, Origin Dictates Tax!"
| Scenario | Correct Declaration | Risk if Wrong |
|---|---|---|
| Silicon Metal (99% Si) | 2519.90.20.00 + "Silicon Metal" |
Misclassifying as Ferro-Silicon (7202) → Penalties for false declaration. |
| Ferro-Silicon (75% Si, 20% Fe) | 7202.21.00.00 + "Ferro-Silicon" |
Using 2519 → Audit risk, as Si content is too low for 2519. |
| Polysilicon (Solar Grade) | Check 2804 or 2519 | Polysilicon is often treated as 2804.61 (Other Elements). If declared as 2519, it may be questioned. Consult specialist. |
| Silicon Powder | 2519.90.20.00 |
If particle size > 1mm, it's "Granular Silicon"; if < 1mm, still 2519, but DG rules may apply for dust. |
✅ 3. Special Case Handling
| Situation | Strategy |
|---|---|
| Source from Brazil/Norway | Avoid US Tariffs! Silicon from Brazil/Norway may be subject to 0-10% base duty and NO Section 301 (verify current exemptions). Huge cost saving. |
| Silicon for Aluminum Alloy | Still 2519. Do not declare as "Aluminum Alloy" (7201-7206). It is a raw material for alloying. |
| Dangerous Goods (DG) | Silicon metal can be UN 1408 (Flammable Solid). If packed in drums and fine powder, it may require DG declaration. If large granules, it may be non-DG. Check MSDS. |
🌍 V. Global Market Comparison (2026 Latest)
| Country/Region | Recommended HS Code | Tariff (from China) | Certification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 USA | 2519.90.20.00 |
35% (0% + 25% + 10%) | None specific, but COA essential | High barrier; consider Vietnam/Brazil sourcing |
| 🇪🇺 EU | 2804.61.00 |
0-6% (Check CHFTA/Agreement) | REACH Registration required | Silicon often classified under 2804 (Chemical Element) in EU, not 2519. |
| 🇨🇳 China | 2519.90.20.00 |
0% (Export) | None | China is the world's largest exporter. |
| 🇮🇳 India | 2804.61.00 |
5-7.5% | BIS Certification often required | Check latest anti-dumping duties on Chinese silicon. |
📌 Conclusion:
- USA: 35% total duty is a significant cost. Diversify supply chain (Brazil, Norway, Russia) if possible.
- EU: Classifies as 2804.61 (Chemical element), not 2519. Ensure correct EU HS code for smoother clearance.
- India: Watch out for Anti-Dumping Duties (ADD) on Chinese silicon metal, which can add 10-40% extra.
📌 VI. Common Errors & Pitfalls (Lessons Learned)
❌ Error 1: Declaring Silicon Metal as Ferro-Silicon (7202) to confuse customs.
👉 Consequence: Audit trigger. COA will show Si > 98%, Fe < 2%. Penalties + Back Taxes.
❌ Error 2: Ignoring DG Classification.
👉 Consequence: Silicon powder can be flammable. If shipped as non-DG but fails safety check, shipment may be seized or returned.
❌ Error 3: Using "Silicon" on Invoice without specifying "Metal".
👉 Consequence: Ambiguity leads to customs delay while officer determines if it's rubber additive (silica) or metal.
❌ Error 4: Not checking Anti-Dumping Duties (ADD) in countries like India or EU.
👉 Consequence: Unexpected additional duties of 20-100% levied at border.
✅ Correct Practice:
"Silicon Metal, 99.0% Si, <1% Fe, <0.5% Al, Granular, Origin: China, HS 2519.90.20.00"
🎯 VII. Conclusion: Smart Sourcing, Lower Costs
🎯 Remember the Rule:
🔹 "Silicon Metal is 2519, Ferro is 7202, Check Purity First."
🔹 "China Origin = 35% Duty in USA, Look to Brazil or Norway."
🔹 "COA is King: It proves your HS Code."
📌 Pro Tip:
If you are importing Polysilicon (for solar panels), it may be classified under 2804.61 with different tariff implications. Do not assume all "Silicon" is 2519.90.20.00.
For Silicon Metal used in aluminum, consider Preferential Trade Agreements if sourcing from non-China origins.
📣 Immediate Action:
📞 Verify COA with your supplier before shipment.
📞 Consult Broker for DG status (Flammable Solid?).
📊 Calculate Landed Cost with 35% duty if from China to US.
🚀 Optimize Supply Chain to mitigate tariff risk.
✨ Professional Clearance, Starts with Accurate Classification!
💼 Every Percent of Duty Saved is Pure Profit!
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关于 HS 编码归类
协调制度（HS）是由世界海关组织（WCO）制定的国际贸易商品分类标准。全球 200 多个国家采用 HS 系统作为海关关税、贸易统计和进出口监管的基础。
每个 HS 编码遵循以下层级结构：
- 章（2 位）——商品大类（例如：第 84 章：机器和机械设备）
- 品目（4 位）——章内的更具体分类
- 子目（6 位）——国际通用细分，所有 WCO 成员国统一使用
- 本国细分（8-10 位）——各国自行扩展的细分编码，如美国 HTSUS 10 位编码
正确的 HS 编码归类对于顺利通关、准确缴纳关税和遵守贸易法规至关重要。错误归类可能导致海关延误、多缴关税或罚款。
从CN进口到US时，适用的关税税率可能包括：
- 最惠国（MFN）税率——适用于 WTO 成员国的标准关税税率
- 普通税率——适用于无贸易协定国家
- 贸易救济关税——附加关税，如 301 条款（反倾销）、232 条款（国家安全）或反补贴税
本页内容仅供参考。如需正式归类，请咨询当地海关或持牌报关代理。