gearmotor
CN → US| HS编码 | 关税税率 | 原产国 | 目的国 | 文档 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8501402020 | 38.3% | CN | US | 官方文档 |
| 8501404020 | 39.0% | CN | US | 官方文档 |
| 8483405020 | 37.5% | CN | US | 官方文档 |
| 8483405010 | 37.5% | CN | US | 官方文档 |
商品图片
AI分析
⚙️ Gear Motors (Electric Motors & Transmission Components)
🌐 HS Code Reference & Clearance Guide | 2024/2025 Latest Tariff Analysis | Professional Customs Strategy
📌 I. Product Definition & Classification: Do You Really Know "Gear Motors"?
Gear motors are compact, integrated power transmission units that combine an electric motor with a gearbox (speed reducer). They are widely used in automation, robotics, conveyors, and industrial machinery.
In international trade, gear motors are classified based on their primary function and electrical characteristics: 1. Classified as Motors: If the motor is the dominant component (output power defines the code), even if it has a built-in gearbox. 2. Classified as Gearboxes/Transmission Parts: If the gearbox is the distinct, separable component, or if it is a standalone transmission device.
⚠️ Critical Distinction:
- If it is an integrated unit (Motor + Gearbox in one housing) → Generally classified under Chapter 85 (Electric Motors).
- If it is a standalone gearbox or transmission unit → Generally classified under Chapter 84 (Machinery).
📦 II. HS Code Classification Details (Latest Tariff Schedule)
Based on the provided data, here are the exact classifications for AC Gear Motors and related Transmission Components:
| HS Code | Product Description | Applicable Scenario | Key Parameter |
|---|---|---|---|
8501.40.20.20 |
Electric AC Motor, Single-Phase, Gear Motor | Small AC gear motors, single-phase | Output > 37.5 W but ≤ 74.6 W |
8501.40.40.20 |
Electric AC Motor, Single-Phase, Gear Motor | Medium AC gear motors, single-phase | Output > 74.6 W but ≤ 735 W |
8483.40.50.20 |
Gearbox/Speed Changer for Wind Turbines | Specialized transmission components | Specific statistical note 6 to this chapter |
8483.40.50.10 |
Fixed Ratio Speed Changers (Other) | Standalone gearboxes, manual selection | Non-wind turbine specific fixed ratio |
🔍 Key Insight:
- 8501.40 codes apply to single-phase AC gear motors. The cut-off point for tariff rates is 74.6 W (approx. 0.1 HP).
- 8483.40 codes apply to gearboxes/transmissions that are not primarily defined by their motor output, such as standalone gearboxes or specialized units (e.g., wind turbines).
💰 III. 2024/2025 Tariff Rate Breakdown (Including Additional Duties)
✅ Applicable Country: United States (US)
✅ Origin: China (CN)
✅ Effective Time: Current Trade Policy (Section 301 Duties Apply)
🎯 1. 8501.40.20.20 —— Single-Phase AC Gear Motor (≤ 74.6 W)
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 3.3% (MFN Rate) |
| Additional Duty (Section 301) | +25.0% |
| Total Tax Rate | 28.3% |
| Calculation Base | CIF Value (Cost + Insurance + Freight) |
| De Minimis Exemption | ❌ Not Eligible (Most 301 goods are excluded from $800 de minimis) |
| Legal Basis | HTSUS 8501.40.20.20 → Section 301 Footnote |
📌 Explanation:
- This is a small-power single-phase AC gear motor (commonly used in appliances, small pumps, or home automation).
- The 25% additional duty is applied due to its origin from China under the Section 301 trade actions.
- Total landed tax impact: Nearly 28.3% of the CIF value.
🎯 2. 8501.40.40.20 —— Single-Phase AC Gear Motor (> 74.6 W but ≤ 735 W)
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 0.0% (Free) |
| Additional Duty (Section 301) | 0.0% (Exempt) |
| Total Tax Rate | 0.0% |
| Calculation Base | CIF Value |
| De Minimis Exemption | ✅ Eligible (If applicable under current rules) |
| Legal Basis | HTSUS 8501.40.40.20 |
📌 Explanation:
- This covers medium-power single-phase AC gear motors (commonly used in industrial fans, small conveyors, or commercial equipment).
- Crucial Advantage: Currently exempt from the 25% Section 301 additional duty.
- Total tax impact: 0%. This is a high-value classification for cost savings.
- Warning: Misclassifying a 100W motor as a 50W motor to get the 28.3% rate is fraud. Conversely, misclassifying a 50W motor as a 100W motor to get 0% is high-risk.
🎯 3. 8483.40.50.20 —— Gearbox for Wind Turbines
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 2.5% |
| Additional Duty (Section 301) | +25.0% |
| Total Tax Rate | 27.5% |
| Applicability | Specific to wind turbine transmission systems |
| Legal Basis | Statistical Note 6 to Chapter 84 |
📌 Explanation:
- This is a specialized gearbox, not a general-purpose gear motor.
- Subject to 27.5% total tax.
🎯 4. 8483.40.50.10 —— Other Fixed Ratio Speed Changers
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 2.5% |
| Additional Duty (Section 301) | +25.0% |
| Total Tax Rate | 27.5% |
| Applicability | Standalone gearboxes, manual ratio selection |
| Legal Basis | HTSUS 8483.40.50.10 |
📌 Explanation:
- Applies to standalone gearboxes or transmission units that are not electric motors.
- Also subject to 27.5% total tax.
🛠️ IV. Practical Clearance Advice (Pitfall Avoidance Guide)
✅ 1. Documentation Checklist (Must-Haves)
| Document | Required? | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ✅ Product Specifications | ✔️ | Must clearly state: Motor Type (AC/DC), Phase (Single/Three), Output Power in Watts, Voltage, RPM. |
| ✅ Technical Drawings | ✔️ | Show if motor and gearbox are integrated or separate. |
| ✅ Commercial Invoice | ✔️ | Explicitly state "Gear Motor" and HS Code. Do not just say "Motor." |
| ✅ Power Rating Label | ✔️ | Photo of the nameplate showing Watts (W) or Horsepower (HP). Critical for 8501.40 classification. |
| ✅ Declaration of Origin | ✔️ | If claiming 0% duty for 8501.40.40.20, prove origin and proper classification. |
✅ 2. Declaration Tips (Key Mnemonic)
🔥 "Power Determines Code, Phase Defines Sub-Code, Integrated is Motor, Separate is Gear!"
| Scenario | Correct HS Code | Risk if Misclassified |
|---|---|---|
| Single-Phase AC Motor, 50W, Integrated Gearbox | 8501.40.20.20 |
If declared as 0% code → 28.3% back duty + penalties |
| Single-Phase AC Motor, 100W, Integrated Gearbox | 8501.40.40.20 |
If declared as 28.3% code → Overpay 28.3% |
| Standalone Gearbox (No Motor) | 8483.40.50.10 |
If declared as Motor → Wrong Chapter, Delayed Clearance |
| Three-Phase Gear Motor | ❌ Not in Data | Three-phase motors fall under different subheadings (e.g., 8501.31+). Check further. |
📌 Critical Warning:
- Power Threshold is Key: The line between 28.3% and 0% is exactly 74.6 W.
- If your motor is rated at 75 W, it must be declared as8501.40.40.20(0%).
- If your motor is rated at 74 W, it must be declared as8501.40.20.20(28.3%).
- Do not under-declare power to avoid the 28.3% duty. CBP (Customs and Border Protection) frequently audits power ratings.
✅ 3. Special Cases
| Case | Handling Advice |
|---|---|
| Mixed Containers | Clearly separate single-phase <74.6W (>28.3%) from >74.6W (0%) in the invoice to avoid confusion. |
| OEM Custom Gear Motors | Provide engineering specs showing the actual output power at the shaft, not the motor's input power. |
| Three-Phase Motors | Not covered in the provided data. Typically, three-phase motors have different duty rates. Consult additional HS codes. |
| DC Gear Motors | Not covered. DC motors fall under different HTSUS codes (e.g., 8501.10+). |
🌍 V. Global Market Comparison (2024/2025)
| Country/Region | Recommended HS Code | Tariff Rate (China Origin) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 USA | 8501.40.20.20 |
28.3% | High duty on small AC gear motors. |
| 🇺🇸 USA | 8501.40.40.20 |
0.0% | Best for cost optimization if power >74.6W. |
| 🇨🇳 China | 8501.40.20.20 |
~6.5% | Import duty into China varies by FTAs. |
| 🇪🇺 EU | 8501.40 |
0% | Generally low duty, but verify VAT and anti-dumping. |
| 🇬🇧 UK | 8501.40 |
0% | Post-Brexit tariff applies, generally favorable. |
📌 Conclusion:
- USA is the most complex market for gear motors due to the 25% Section 301 duty on small motors (≤74.6W).
- Optimization Strategy: If possible, design motors with output power exceeding 74.6 W to qualify for 0% duty. This requires precise engineering and clear labeling.
📌 VI. Common Mistakes & Pitfalls (Lessons Learned)
❌ Mistake 1: Declaring a 60W motor as "100W" to get 0% duty
👉 Consequence: CBP audit → Back duties + 25% penalty + interest.
👉 Solution: Accurate power rating based on shaft output, not input.
❌ Mistake 2: Classifying a standalone gearbox as a "Gear Motor"
👉 Consequence: Wrong chapter (84 vs 85) → Seizure or major delay.
👉 Solution: If no motor, use 8483.40 codes.
❌ Mistake 3: Ignoring the "Single-Phase" requirement
👉 Consequence: Three-phase motors have different codes. Misclassification → Incorrect duty.
👉 Solution: Always specify phase (Single/Three) on invoice.
✅ Correct Declaration Example:
"AC Gear Motor, Single-Phase, 120V, 60Hz, Output Power 100W, Gear Ratio 50:1, Model GM-100"
→ HS Code:8501.40.40.20→ Tariff: 0%
🎯 VII. Conclusion: Precision Saves Money!
🎯 Key Takeaway:
🔹 "Small Motors (≤74.6W): 28.3% Tax"
🔹 "Medium Motors (>74.6W): 0% Tax"
🔹 "Design & Declare Accurately!"🔹 "If you can make your gear motor slightly more powerful (>74.6W), you save 28.3% in duties!"
📌 Pro Tip:
- Apply for a Binding Ruling from CBP if you are unsure about the power rating classification.
- Keep technical specs (input vs. output power) ready for inspection.
📣 Immediate Action:
📞 Contact your customs broker with power ratings and phase type.
🚀 Optimize your product design to fall into the 0% duty bracket if possible.
✨ Professional Clearance Starts with Accurate Classification!
💼 Your Every Watt Counts!
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关于 HS 编码归类
协调制度（HS）是由世界海关组织（WCO）制定的国际贸易商品分类标准。全球 200 多个国家采用 HS 系统作为海关关税、贸易统计和进出口监管的基础。
每个 HS 编码遵循以下层级结构：
- 章（2 位）——商品大类（例如：第 84 章：机器和机械设备）
- 品目（4 位）——章内的更具体分类
- 子目（6 位）——国际通用细分，所有 WCO 成员国统一使用
- 本国细分（8-10 位）——各国自行扩展的细分编码，如美国 HTSUS 10 位编码
正确的 HS 编码归类对于顺利通关、准确缴纳关税和遵守贸易法规至关重要。错误归类可能导致海关延误、多缴关税或罚款。
从CN进口到US时，适用的关税税率可能包括：
- 最惠国（MFN）税率——适用于 WTO 成员国的标准关税税率
- 普通税率——适用于无贸易协定国家
- 贸易救济关税——附加关税，如 301 条款（反倾销）、232 条款（国家安全）或反补贴税
本页内容仅供参考。如需正式归类，请咨询当地海关或持牌报关代理。