按键
CN → US| HS Code | Tariff Rate | Origin | Destination | Doc |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8473305100 | 85.0% | CN | US | Official Doc |
| 8536509031 | 35.0% | CN | US | Official Doc |
| 8473309100 | 35.0% | CN | US | Official Doc |
| 8536509033 | 35.0% | CN | US | Official Doc |
| 8538908180 | 38.5% | CN | US | Official Doc |
| 8538908140 | 38.5% | CN | US | Official Doc |
AI Analysis
🖱️ Key Switches & Buttons (Keys for Electronic Machines)
🌐 HS Code Reference & Customs Clearance Guide | 2026 Latest Tariff Analysis | Professional Level Strategy
📌 I. Product Definition & Classification: What Exactly is a "Key"?
In the context of international trade and electronic equipment, "Key Switches" or "Buttons" are critical input components. They are generally classified not as standalone consumer electronics, but as parts and accessories for automatic data processing machines or other electrical apparatuses.
Two Main Classifications:
-
Parts of Automatic Data Processing (ADP) Machines:
If the key is specifically designed for computers, keyboards, or industrial control panels associated with computers, it falls under Chapter 84 (Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, mechanical appliances; parts thereof). Specifically, 8473.30 covers parts and accessories suitable for use solely or principally with machines of heading 8471 (Automatic data processing machines). -
Electrical Control Apparatus Parts:
If the key is a generic switch, button, or control device not strictly tied to an ADP machine, it may fall under Chapter 85 (Electrical machinery, equipment and parts thereof). Specifically, 8536.50 covers Switches for a voltage not exceeding 1,000 V, or 8538.90 covers parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of headings 8535, 8536, or 8537.
⚠️ Critical Distinction Point:
- If it is a computer keyboard key or part of a computer control system → 8473.30
- If it is a general electrical button/switch (industrial or consumer appliance) → 8536.50 or 8538.90
- The specific sub-code depends on the exact technical description and "essential character" of the part.
📦 II. HS Code Classification Details (2026 Latest Tariff Authoritative Comparison)
Based on the provided data <DATA>, here are the specific HS Codes and their rationales:
| HS Code | Product Description | Rationale for Classification |
|---|---|---|
8473.30.51.00 |
Parts of ADP Machines | Defined as parts and accessories for electronic machines. The summary states it fits the definition of parts/accessories for electronic machinery. |
8536.50.90.31 |
Switches for Voltage ≤ 1,000V | The key corresponds to a "button-type" classification. Based on the principle of parts, it may fit here as a switch component. |
8473.30.91.00 |
Parts of ADP Machines (Other) | Specifically identified as parts and accessories for machines of heading 8471 (ADP machines). Fits the "other parts" category. |
8536.50.90.33 |
Other Switches | Matches the "button-type" morphology. Classified under other residual categories with no material conflict. |
8538.90.81.80 |
Parts of Electrical Apparatus | Digital keys are considered parts of switches or control devices. Classified under "other" residual categories with no conflicts. |
🔍 Key Insight:
- 8473 codes are generally for computer-related input devices.
- 8536 codes are for electrical switches/controls (voltage ≤ 1,000V).
- 8538 codes are for parts of the electrical apparatuses mentioned in 8535-8537.
- The choice depends on whether the "key" is part of a computer system (ADP) or a general electrical control system.
💰 III. 2026 Latest Tariff Rate Breakdown (Including Surtaxes & Policy Add-ons)
✅ Applicable Country: United States (US)
✅ Origin: China (CN)
✅ Effective Date: From November 10, 2025 (including subsequent imports)
🎯 1. 8473.30.51.00 – Parts of ADP Machines (Electronic Machinery)
| Item | Content |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 0.0% |
| Section 301 Surtax | +25.0% |
| Section 122 Surtax (Steel/Aluminum/Copper) | +10% |
| Other Surtax (122 Clause Reference) | +50% (Note: Data indicates "122条款关税10%钢,铝铜制品加征关税: 50%". This implies a potential higher rate if materials trigger specific clauses, but the summary lists "50%" in the detail. Correction based on standard USITC data: Usually Section 301 is 25%. The data provided lists 85.0% total tax. Let's break down the provided data strictly.) |
| Total Tax Rate | 85.0% |
| Tax Breakdown | Base: 0.0% + Section 301: 25.0% + Section 122 (Steel/Al/Cu): 10% + Additional 122 Clause: 50%. (Note: The total 85% suggests multiple overlapping surtaxes as per the provided data source) |
| Legal Basis Path | USITC:8473.30.51.00 → FOOTNOTE:301 → FOOTNOTE:122 |
📌 Explanation:
- This classification carries the highest tax burden (85%).
- It triggers both Section 301 tariffs and specific Section 122 tariffs for steel/aluminum/copper products.
- Warning: High cost. Ensure the product truly belongs here; if it can be classified under other codes, significant savings are possible.
🎯 2. 8536.50.90.31 – Button-type Switches
| Item | Content |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 0.0% |
| Section 301 Surtax | +25.0% |
| Section 122 Surtax | +10% |
| Total Tax Rate | 35.0% |
| Tax Calculation | CIF Value × 35% |
| De Minimis Exemption | ❌ Not Eligible (Deny de minimis for China origin under current rules) |
| Legal Basis Path | USITC:8536.50.90.31 → FOOTNOTE:301 → FOOTNOTE:122 |
📌 Explanation:
- "Button-type" keys are classified here.
- Total tariff is 35%, which is significantly lower than the 85% bracket.
- Includes Base 0% + 25% (Section 301) + 10% (Section 122).
🎯 3. 8473.30.91.00 – Other Parts of ADP Machines
| Item | Content |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 0.0% |
| Section 301 Surtax | +25.0% |
| Section 122 Surtax | +10% |
| Total Tax Rate | 35.0% |
| Tax Calculation | CIF Value × 35% |
| De Minimis Exemption | ❌ Not Eligible |
| Legal Basis Path | USITC:8473.30.91.00 → FOOTNOTE:301 → FOOTNOTE:122 |
📌 Explanation:
- Similar to8536.50.90.31, this code results in a 35% total tax.
- Suitable if the key is definitely a part of an ADP machine but doesn't fit the specific8473.30.51sub-heading.
🎯 4. 8536.50.90.33 – Other Button-type Switches
| Item | Content |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 0.0% |
| Section 301 Surtax | +25.0% |
| Section 122 Surtax | +10% |
| Total Tax Rate | 35.0% |
| Tax Calculation | CIF Value × 35% |
| De Minimis Exemption | ❌ Not Eligible |
| Legal Basis Path | USITC:8536.50.90.33 → FOOTNOTE:301 → FOOTNOTE:122 |
📌 Explanation:
- Another 35% bracket.
- Used for button-type switches where no specific material conflict exists.
🎯 5. 8538.90.81.80 – Parts of Electrical Apparatus
| Item | Content |
|---|---|
| Base Tariff | 3.5% |
| Section 301 Surtax | +25.0% |
| Section 122 Surtax | +10% |
| Total Tax Rate | 38.5% |
| Tax Calculation | CIF Value × 38.5% |
| De Minimis Exemption | ❌ Not Eligible |
| Legal Basis Path | USITC:8538.90.81.80 → FOOTNOTE:301 → FOOTNOTE:122 |
📌 Explanation:
- This code has a base tariff of 3.5%, making the total 38.5%.
- While higher than the 35% codes, it is significantly lower than the 85% code.
- Suitable for digital keys that are parts of control devices (Section 8537 apparatus).
🛠️ IV. Customs Clearance Practical Advice (Real-World Pitfall Avoidance)
✅ 1. Documentation Checklist (Non-negotiable)
| Document | Required | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| ✅ Product Specification Sheet | ✔️ | Must detail: Type (Button/Switch), Voltage, Material, Intended Machine (ADP vs. General Electrical). |
| ✅ Circuit Diagram / Internal Structure | ✔️ | Critical to prove if it's a "part of ADP machine" (Ch 84) or "electrical switch part" (Ch 85). |
| ✅ Product Photos (Including Nameplate) | ✔️ | Clear view of model, brand, and input/output specs. |
| ✅ Commercial Invoice | ✔️ | Must accurately describe the item as "Key Switch," "Button," or "Part of [Machine Name]." |
| ✅ Packing List | ✔️ | Ensure items are not split into unrelated categories to avoid misclassification penalties. |
✅ 2. Declaration Strategy (Key Mnemonics)
🔥 "Know the Host, Pick the Code; ADP is 35/85, Switch is 35/38!"
| Scenario | Recommended HS Code | Estimated Tax | Risk Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Computer Keyboard Key / ADP Part | 8473.30.51.00 |
85% | ⚠️ HIGH (Avoid if possible due to cost) |
| Computer Keyboard Key / ADP Part (Other) | 8473.30.91.00 |
35% | ✅ OPTIMAL for ADP parts |
| General Electrical Button/Switch | 8536.50.90.31 / .33 |
35% | ✅ OPTIMAL for switches |
| Digital Control Key (Part of Apparatus) | 8538.90.81.80 |
38.5% | ✅ GOOD (Slightly higher base) |
📌 Strategy:
- If the key is for a computer, try to use8473.30.91.00(35%) instead of8473.30.51.00(85%) if technically feasible.
- If it's a generic switch,8536.50.90.31or.33(35%) is the best option.
- Avoid8538.90.81.80unless necessary, as it has a 3.5% base.
✅ 3. Special Circumstances
| Situation | Handling Advice |
|---|---|
| Mixed Shipments | Do not mix ADP parts and general electrical parts in one declaration if possible. Keep them separate to clarify the "principal use." |
| Material Composition | If the key contains significant steel/aluminum/copper, the Section 122 10% surtax applies. If it's plastic/metal mix, still apply unless exempted. |
| Pre-Ruling | Strongly recommend applying for an Advance Ruling from CBP if the classification between Ch 84 and Ch 85 is ambiguous. |
🌍 V. Global Market Comparison (2026 Latest)
| Country/Region | Recommended HS Code | Estimated Tax (China Origin) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇺🇸 USA | 8473.30.91.00 or 8536.50.90.31 |
35% | Avoid 8473.30.51.00 (85%) unless unavoidable. |
| 🇨🇳 China | 8473.30.91.00 / 8536.50.90.31 |
~0-10% | Check current Chinese import tariffs for potential discounts. |
| 🇪🇺 EU | 8473.30.91 / 8536.50.90 |
0-2.5% | Generally low tariffs, no Section 301/122 equivalents. |
| 🇬🇧 UK | 8473.30.91 / 8536.50.90 |
0-2.5% | Post-Brexit tariff regime similar to EU for many electronics. |
📌 Conclusion:
- The USA is the most challenging market due to Section 301 (25%) and Section 122 (10-50%) surtaxes.
- European and Asian markets are far more favorable with minimal or no additional surtaxes.
- For US exports, classifying correctly under the 35% bracket is critical for profitability.
📌 VI. Common Errors & Pitfalls (Lessons Learned)
❌ Error 1: Classifying all computer keys under 8473.30.51.00
👉 Consequence: 85% Tax.
👉 Fix: Check if it can be classified under 8473.30.91.00 (35%) or 8536.50.90.31 (35%) based on technical specifics.
❌ Error 2: Ignoring Section 122 Surtax
👉 Consequence: Underpayment by 10% (or up to 50% for specific metals).
👉 Fix: Always include Section 122 surtax in cost calculations for China-origin goods.
❌ Error 3: Vague Description "Key"
👉 Consequence: Customs may reclassify to the highest available duty rate.
👉 Fix: Use precise descriptions: "Plastic Button Switch for Industrial Control Panel" or "Keyboard Key Assembly for ADP Machine."
✅ Correct Practice:
"Electronic Key Switch, Plastic/Metal, Voltage: 12V DC, Intended for: Industrial Control Cabinet, Model: XYZ, Origin: China"
🎯 VII. Conclusion: Professional Declaration, Cost Saving, Efficiency!
🎯 Remember the Golden Rule:
🔹 "ADP Part? Check Ch 84. Electrical Switch? Check Ch 85. Avoid 85% Trap! Aim for 35%!"
🔹 "HS Code Determines Duty, 50% Difference Means Life or Death for Profit!"
📌 Tips:
- If your keys are originating from Vietnam, Mexico, Thailand, or Malaysia, you may apply for IEEPA Exemptions, reducing taxes to 0%-5%.
- Consider applying for a Pre-Ruling (Advance Ruling) from CBP to confirm the 35% classification before shipment.
📣 Immediate Action:
📞 Contact a professional customs broker + Provide product specs + Apply for HS Code Pre-Ruling
🚀 Ensure your keys clear customs smoothly, export efficiently, and maximize profits!
✨ Professional clearance starts with accurate classification!
💼 Every cent of cost deserves precise calculation!
Customer Reviews
About HS Code Classification
The Harmonized System (HS) is an internationally standardized nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization (WCO) to classify traded products. Over 200 countries use the HS system as the basis for customs tariffs, trade statistics, and import/export regulations.
Each HS code follows a hierarchical structure:
- Chapter (2 digits) — Broad category of goods (e.g., Chapter 84: Machinery and Mechanical Appliances)
- Heading (4 digits) — More specific grouping within the chapter
- Subheading (6 digits) — Internationally standardized breakdown, used by all WCO member countries
- National subdivisions (8-10 digits) — Country-specific extensions for further classification, such as US HTSUS 10-digit codes
Correct HS code classification is essential for smooth customs clearance, accurate duty payment, and compliance with trade regulations. Misclassification can lead to customs delays, overpayment of duties, or penalties.
When importing from CN to US, the applicable tariff rates may include:
- Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) rate — The standard duty rate applied to WTO members
- General rate — Applied to countries without trade agreements
- Trade remedy duties — Additional tariffs such as Section 301 (anti-dumping), Section 232 (national security), or countervailing duties
The information provided on this page is for reference purposes only. For official classification, please consult with your local customs authority or a licensed customs broker.